"Key Risks" Based Game Pre-production

Context:

Mobile game pre-production teams often focus on the wrong activities. An early focus on playables in software or building a game's core loop may be useful but not the best approach. Any team with limited resources should prioritize what's most critical to maximizing the success of a game.

Unfortunately, the most common approach I encounter shortcuts or skips planning and the pre-production process completely. Instead, many developers would rather jump directly to focusing on gameplay. In particular, most former console developers are guilty of this shortcutting.

To be clear, I fully understand the importance of gameplay prototyping in general. However, developers need to consider how to prioritize scarce resources. Developers should first identify key risks for a game's success and then focus resources on those risks as a priority. Gameplay prototyping may turn out to be the primary key risk, but without careful consideration, it may actually be something else entirely.

Let's take a step back for a moment and first think about the key objectives for pre-production. In my view, it should be as follows:

Primary Objectives of Pre-Production (Planning!):

1. Develop a clear vision of the game design

2. Estimate the game's financial characteristics

3. Identify, characterize, and mitigate as much as possible the key risks for the game's success

Based on these objectives, I typically ask for (as a publisher) or develop (as a studio/dev) the following types of deliverables during Pre-Production:

I've written to some degree about some of these deliverables before:

• Key screens and flows

• Monetization table

Let's now focus on the Key Risks aspect of pre-production and the specific deliverable I'm calling the Key Risks Table (KRT).

The Key Risks Table:

The Key Risks Table simply lists the top 3 or 4 risks that could prevent a game from becoming successful. Further, we also then suggest "prototypes" to help prove out or mitigate those risks to the degree possible. Not all risks can be completely mitigated. However, this practice will help a dev team better characterize and understand those risks. It's critical to understand and mitigate as much risk as possible before proceeding further with a big budget game production.

This practice of focusing on key risks during pre-production was conceived from conversations I had with game designer Alex Mandryka. In particular, Alex pointed me to afairly seminal presentation on game prototyping by Chris Hecker called Advanced Prototyping.

The results from the "prototypes" developed from the KRT should help a team either:

• Determine the current game doesn't make sense and to then abandon the project in favor of another project

• Modify the game design or other aspects of the game to make the game more capable of achieving success

• Confirm whether the risk will not be an issue

Let's look at a specific example just for the purpose of illustration: imagine we are thinking about developing a synchronous, real-time multiplayer PVP mobile car racing game based on the Mattel Hotwheels IP.

Example Key Risks Table (KRT):

An example of what a Key Risks Table for this kind of game could like is shown below:

These are just examples, but the point of the exercise should be clear:

• Agree upon what the key risk for the game's success actually are

• Determine how to best mitigate or better characterize the risk through various "prototypes".

Note that the "prototypes" could be other games on the market, wireframes, software prototypes via Flash or Unity, or anything else that helps drive better clarity on the risk.

Also, note that I described the Key Risks as specific hypothesis statements. I like these types of binary points of view. A binary perspective helps to crystallize the focus of the prototypes and to drive towards a specific true or false conclusion.

Conclusion:

A team should be very careful about spending any time on development before having a deep understanding of a game's key risks. Often, much of a mobile game's design and execution risk can be mitigated by very cheap means e.g., paper and pencil or through digital wireframes. Hence, it's important to understand what those key risks are and then to design quick and dirty approaches to understanding those risks better.